Ohms Law


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Ohms Law

We all have experienced  the situation that when a torch is used for several weeks, its light becomes dim. We say that its cells have become weak.This means that the potential difference has droped to a smaller value because the chemicals have been used up in the chemical reactions. As the potential difference has dropped so less current flows through the bulb, and hence produces less light. So, we can say that the electric current passing through the circuit depends on the potential difference applied across it. The larger is the potential difference, the larger is the current. This relationship between potential difference and current was first discovered by a German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854) and is stated by the law named after him

Ohm's Law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference between its ends, provided the physical conditions such as temperature of conductor remain unchanged.

He further observed that as we increase the potential the current increases, so we can state that the

i.e.,         large Vinfty I             or         large V= RI

where R is a constant which is called resistance of the material.

Unit of resistance

large R=frac{V}{I}=frac{volt}{ampere}=ohm(Omega )

The SI unit of resistance is ohm large (Omega ).

If I = 1 Ampere, V = 1 Volt, then R = 1 Omega.

The resistance of a conductor is 1 ohm if a potential difference of 1 volt is produced across its ends when 1 ampere of the current flows through it.

The conductors, which obey the Ohms law are called the ohmic conductors or linear resistances. All metallic conductors (such as silver, aluminium, copper, iron , etc,) are the Ohmic conductors or linear resistances.

The conductors, which do not obey the Ohms law are called the non-Ohmic conductors or non-linear resistances. Examples are, diode valve, transistors, electrolyte, etc.

Illustration: A 5 V battery is connected to a 10 Omega resistance. Calculate the amount of current flowing through the circuit.

Solution: It is given that

V = 5 V

R = 10 Omega

To find I =?

According to Ohm's Law

V = IR

Rightarrow ;I= frac{V}{R}= frac{5}{10}= 0.5 ;A

Hence a current of 0.5 A flows through the circuit.

Sample Questions
(More Questions for each concept available in Login)
Question : 1

Two resistors of resistance R_1; and; R_2 are connected in parallel to a battery of emf V. Write the following steps to determine the electric current flowing through the wire in proper sequence.

(A) Use the Ohm's law, V=IR.

(B) Determine the effective resistance (R_{eff}) of the parallel combination of resistors.

(C) Determine the electric current by using the relation,

I=frac{V}{R_{eff}}.

Right Option : C
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Explanation
Question : 2

Identify the order of the following steps to find the current in a conductor of length 'l', area of cross section A and specific resistance rho,when potential difference V is applied across it.

(A) Note down the values of l, A and  rho

(B) Determine the electric current by formula,

I;=:frac{V}{R}

(C) Find the resistance of conductor by formula,

R:=:rhofrac{l}{A}

Right Option : A
View Explanation
Explanation
Question : 3

A solenoid is at potential difference 60 V and current flows through it is 15 ampere, then the resistance of coil will be  _______________________

Right Option : A
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Explanation
 
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